An
appositive is
a noun phrase that explains or rephrases another noun phrase. It usually comes
after the noun that it rephrases. It may also come before the subject of a
sentence.
Buffalo Bill, a famous frontiersman,
operated his own Wild West Show. (appositive following a
noun)
A famous frontiersman, Buffalo Bill operated his own Wild West Show. (appositive
before the
subject)
Appositives
are reduced adjective clauses that contain the verb to be.
However, unlike adjective clauses, they do not contain a marker or a verb.
Oak,
which is one of the
most durable hard woods, is often used
to make furniture. (adjective
clause)
Oak,
one of the most durable
hard woods, is often used to make
furniture. (appositive)
Appositives are usually
separated from the rest of the sentence by commas, but short appositives
(usually names) are not.
Economist Paul
Samuelson won a Nobel Prize in 1970.
In
Structure items, all or part of an appositive phrase may be missing. In
addition, the noun that the
appositive refers
to or other parts of the main clause may be missing.
EXERCISE 30
Focus: Completing
structure problems involving appositives (Note: The focus for one or two
items in this exercise is NOT appositives; these sentences are marked in the
answer key with asterisks.)
Directions: Mark the answer
choice that correctly completes the sentence.
1. The Democratic party is older than the other major American
political party,
________________________.
(A) which the Republican party
(B) the Republican party
(C) it is the Republican party
(D) the Republican party is
2. _____ relations with friends and acquaintances, play a major
role in the social development of adolescents.
(A) What are called peer group
relations are
(B) Peer group relations are
(C) Peer group relations, the
(D) By peer group relations, we
mean
3. Joseph Henry, ____________ director of the Smithsonian
Institution, was President
Lincoln’s
adviser on scientific matters.
(A) the first
(B) to be the first
(C) was the first
(D) as the first
4. The Wassatch Range, __________extends from southeastern Idaho
into northern Utah.
(A) which is a part of the
Rocky Mountains,
(B) a part of the Rocky
Mountains that
(C) is a part of the Rocky
Mountains
(D) a part of the Rocky
Mountains, it
5. _____ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration
for her choreography.
(A) It was the dancer
(B) The dancer
(C) That the dancer
(D) The dancer was
6. ________________ a vast network of computers that connects many
of the world’s businesses, institutions, and individuals, primarily through
modems and phone lines.
(A) The Internet,
(B) That the Internet, as
(C) The Internet is
(D) The Internet, which
7. In 1878, Frederick W. Taylor invented a concept called
scientific management,______________ of obtaining as much efficiency from
workers and machines as possible.
(A) it is a method
(B) a method which
(C) a method
(D) called a method
8. A group of Shaker______________ settled around Pleasant Hill,
Kentucky, in 1805.
(A) members of a strict
religious sect which
(B) whose members of a strict
religious sect
(C) members of a strict
religious sect,
(D) were members of a strict
religious sect
9. In physics, __________ “plasma” refers to a gas that has a
nearly equal number of positively and negatively charged particles.
(A) the term
(B) by the term
(C) is termed
(D) terming
and the answers
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