You
may see sentences involving comparisons in both types of Structure items. Many
of these involve the comparative or superlative forms of adjectives.
Most adjectives have three
forms: the absolute (the basic adjective form), the comparative, and the
superlative. Comparatives are used to show that one item has more of some
quality than another does.
George
is taller than his brother.
Superlatives
are used to show that one item in a group of three or more has the greatest
amount of some quality.
He was the tallest
man in the room.
The chart
explains how comparatives and superlatives are formed:
Absolute Comparative Superlative
One-syllable
adjectives warm warmer the warmest
Two-syllable
adjectives ending with -y funny funnier the funniest
Other
two-syllable adjectives common more common the most common
Adjectives with
three or more syllables important more
important the most important
Some
two-syllable adjectives have two correct forms of both the comparative and the
superlative:
Narrower clever polite
more
narrow more
clever more
polite
narrowest cleverest politest
most narrow most clever most polite
A
“negative” comparison can be expressed with the words less and
least. Less and least are used no matter how many syllables an adjective has.
less bright less expensive
the least bright the least expensive
The
absolute form of a few adjectives ends in -er (tender, bitter, slender, clever, and so on.) Don’t confuse these with the comparative forms (more bitter or bitterer, for example).
Many adverbs also have comparative and superlative forms. The
comparative and superlative forms of all -ly adverbs are formed with more and
most.
more brightly
more importantly
most brightly
most importantly
A
few adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms:
Irregular Comparatives
Superlatives
good/well better the best
bad/badly
worse the worst
far
farther the farthest
further
the furthest
(Far has
two comparative and superlative forms, depending on how the word is used, but
the distinction
between
these two forms will not be tested.
There
are two main types of errors involving comparatives and superlatives:
INCORRECT CHOICE OF THE THREE FORMS
Any
of the three forms—absolute, comparative, or superlative—may be incorrectly
used in place of one of the other forms.
Sample Items
Basketball
is played at a much fast
pace than baseball
A
B C D
.The correct answer is (C). The
comparative form faster is needed because two concepts—the
pace of basketball and the pace of baseball—are being compared.
The deep
oceans contain some of the stranger of all living
creatures.
A B C D
The correct answer is (C). This
sentence does not compare two groups; a superlative form
(strangest)
is required.
INCORRECT FORMS OF COMPARATIVES AND
SUPERLATIVES
Incorrect
forms, such as more bigger, most hot, and so on, may appear.
Sample Item
The most
small vessels in the circulatory system are capillaries.
A B C D
The correct answer is (A). The
correct form is smallest because small is a one-syllable adjective.
Focus: Identifying and correcting errors and correct forms of
comparatives and superlatives.
Directions: Choose the option—(A), (B), (C), or (D)—that correctly completes the sentence. For
Error Identification items, circle the underlined
portion of the sentence that would not be considered
correct.
1. The American and Canadian political systems are like
in that both are dominated by two major
A B C D
parties.
2. Wild strawberries are _______________cultivated strawberries.
(A) not sweeter
(B) not as sweet as
(C) less sweeter than
(D) not sweet as
3. The period is probably the most easiest punctuation mark to
use
. A B C D
4. When metal replaced wood in the construction of ships’ hulls,
more strong ships could be built
. A B C D
5. Sea
bass ____________ freshwater bass.
(A) are larger than
(B) the larger the
(C) are as large
(D) than are larger
6. Charcoal is the more commonly used cooking fuel
in the world
. A B C D
7. Automobiles, airplanes, and buses use more energy per passenger
____________.
(A) as do trains
(B) than trains do
(C) trains do
(D) like trains
8. Few American politicians have
spoken more eloquently as William Jennings Bryan.
A B C D
9. The larger a drop of water, _____________
freezing
temperature.
(A) the higher its
(B) its higher
(C) higher than its
(D) the highest
10. __________ San Diego and San Francisco,
Los
Angeles has no natural harbor.
(A) Dissimilar
(B) Unlike
(C) Dislike
(D) Different
11. During a depression, economic
conditions are far worst than they are during a recession.
A B C D
12. The spinal column is alike the brain in that its main
functions can be classified as
A B
Either sensory or motor functions
. C D
13. The water of the Great Salt Lake is
________________
seawater.
(A) saltier than that of
(B) as salty as that of
(C) saltier than
(D) so salty as
14. Fungi are the most important decomposers of forest
soil, just like bacteria are the most important
A B C
decomposers
of grassland soil
D
15. A psychosis is a severe mental disorder, ________________ a
neurosis.
(A) the most serious
(B) as serious
(C) more serious than
(D) as though serious
16. The surfboards used thirty-five years ago were
more heavy than the ones used by surfers today.
A B C D
17. The horse chestnut has a stronger
, bitter taste than other chestnuts.
A B C D
18. The social system of bumblebees is not as complex
__________________.
(A) than honeybees
(B) as honeybees
(C) that honeybees are
(D) as that of honeybees
19. Chicago’s Field Museum is one of the largest and better
known natural history museums in the
A B C D
United
States.
20. The administration of private colleges is nearly __________ that
of public colleges.
(A) same
(B) just as
(C) the same as
(D) similar
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